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HISTORY OF THE
ARCHEPARCHY
OF KOTTAYAM |
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Patron: Sacred Heart of Jesus
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Second Patron: St. Pius X |
The Eparchy of Kottayam was erected exclusively for the Southist
(Knanaya) Catholics in 1911. The Knanaya Community traces its origin from a
group of Jewish-Christian emigrants from Southern Mesopotamia to the South
Indian port of Cranganore in AD 345, who formed themselves into an endogamous
community. They co-existed peacefully in the Indian nation and fulfilled their
missionary purpose of re-invigorating the Church of St Thomas Christians. The
original community consisted of about 400 persons belonging to 72 families of
seven septs headed by Thomas of Kynai. A bishop by name Uraha Mar Yousef, four
priests and several deacons were among them.
As the Catholicos of the East had promised the emigrants that he would send from
time to time bishops to India, Uraha Mar Yousef had successors till the end of
the 16th century. Under the East Syrian Bishops, the Knanaya Community had their
own churches and priests distinct from those of the non-Knanaya St Thomas
Christians. This system continued also under the Latin Rite European bishops,
who governed the St Thomas Christians. When a ritual separation was effected for
the Catholics in Kerala between the Orientals and Latins in 1887, all the
Knanaya Catholics de facto were in the Apostolic Vicariate of Kottayam, and the
Holy See ordered Bishop Charles Lavigne to appoint a separate Vicar General for
the Knanaya Community. When the Vicariates Apostolic were re-organized into
Trichur, Ernakulam and Changanassery and three indigenous bishops were appointed
for the Syro-Malabarians in 1896 the bishop appointed for the Vicariate of
Changanassery was Mar Mathew Makil, the former Vicar General for the Knanaya
Community.
On August 29, 1911 a new Vicariate Apostolic of Kottayam was erected exclusively
for the Knanaya Community by the Apostolic letter “In Universi Christiani” of
His Holiness Pope St Pius X. On December 21, 1923 the Vicariate Apostolic of
Kottayam was raised to an Eparchy by Pope Pius XI. When the territorial limits
of the Syro-Malabar Church was extended in 1955, the jurisdiction of the Eparchy
of Kottayam also was made co-extensive with the then extended territory of the
Syro-Malabar Church.
On December 23, 2003 His Holiness Pope John Paul II made a sovereign decision
that the status quo (pro gente suddistica) of the Eparchy of Kottayam must be
maintained and left it to the Bishops’ Synod of the Syro-Malabar church to
decide on the desired enhancement of the juridical status of the Eparchy of
Kottayam. In November 2004 the synod gave its consent to elevate the Eparchy of
Kottayam to the rank of a metropolitan see without a suffrogan eparchy. On March
21, 2005 the congregation for the oriental churches issued a letter of
no-objection to the decision of the Bishop’s synod. Accordingly, on may 9, 2005
the Major Archbishop Mar Varkey Cardinal Vithayathil issued the decree “The
Eparchy of Kottayam” elevating the Eparchy of Kottayam to the rank of a
metropolitan see, and another decree “God our loving father”, appointing Mar
Kuriakose Kunnacherry as the first metropolitan of the newly erected
metropolitan see of Kottayam. On June 3, 2005, the feast of the Most Sacred
Heart of Jesus, at a liturgical service the Major Archbishop canonically erected
the metropolitan see of Kottayam and ordained and enthroned Mar Kuriakose
Kunnacherry as the first Metropolitan of Kottayam.
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